YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio – Of the 10 occupations with the most job openings expected in the region through 2030, only four are expected to pay a wage that will enable the workers to afford housing.
Those occupations are office clerks, registered nurses, heavy and tractor trailer truck drivers and customer service representatives. That’s based on May 2021 wages.
It’s one of the challenges found in a housing needs assessment of Mahoning and Trumbull counties by the Greater Ohio Policy Center and the Reinvestment Fund, which are contracted for the work by Eastgate Regional Council of Governments. The information was presented April 17 at the Raymond John Wean Foundation offices in Warren during a second stakeholders meeting – the first was last fall.
Representatives from government, businesses and organizations that work in housing comprise the stakeholders. The GPOC and the Reinvestment Fund will present recommendations at a third meeting expected this fall. The consultants are developing a regional housing strategy.
“The need for housing is on the mind of every community, wherever you go,” said Jim Kinnick, Eastgate executive director.
Those needs are amplified in the Mahoning Valley region, he said.
“In response to the uptick in economic development opportunities, Eastgate, along with the [Youngstown/Warren] Regional Chamber, has initiated a plan to retain and return our talented young people,” Kinnick said.
The two entities are launching a repopulation effort aimed at retaining young people, returning those who have left and receiving legal immigrants and refugees.
The housing strategy will make data driven recommendations that address a variety of housing opportunities and needs in both counties, Kinnick said.
“Our intention at Eastgate is the strategy will help our local leaders confidently and strategically make decisions that result in quality housing for all residents,” he said.
Alison Goebel, executive director of the Greater Ohio Policy Center, said a housing needs assessment identifies some of the causes and effects of housing issues and the populations most affected by them.
There are 184,785 households in Mahoning and Trumbull counties.
When assessing housing needs in a region, consultants examine whether there is sufficient housing that is affordably priced and, if not, identify the gap. They also study whether there are adequate housing choices that match current and expected needs based on demographic numbers, Goebel said.
The assessment looks at housing issues across income, racial demographics and special needs populations.
Renters and Homeowners
The researchers looked at how renters and homeowners in the two counties are experiencing needs.
In Mahoning County, 70% of households own their home. In Trumbull, 72% own their homes, the assessment found. That’s a little higher than many counties across Ohio, Goebel said.
In Youngstown, 56% of residents own their homes. In Warren, it’s 50%. Those numbers are typical of Ohio’s legacy cities, she said.
It also found that 20% of Mahoning Valley homeowners and 42% of renters are housing cost burdened. “When we say a household is housing cost burdened, what we mean is they are spending more than 30% of their income on housing costs like rent, mortgage and utilities,” Goebel explained.
That means they aren’t spending money on other critical needs like medical care, food, car payments. They become financially insecure.
Housing cost burden is disproportionately experienced across both counties and the cities by nonfamily one- or two-person households, the elderly and households of up to four people. That isn’t proportionate across the region though. One in six Mahoning and Trumbull residents lives in poverty. One in three of those identify as Black or Latino/Hispanic.
“What that tells us is that people of color are disproportionately experiencing housing cost burden and have wages that do not support rent and mortgages where they sit today,” Goebel said.
And rents outstrip income. To afford to rent a two-bedroom apartment at $794 per month, a household must earn a $31,780 salary or work 60 hours per week at a minimum wage job, according to the assessment.
But 23.5% of Mahoning and 22.3% of Trumbull homes earned less than $25,000 in 2022. More than 12,500 homes in the two counties receive a subsidy from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. More than 7,500 households are waiting for affordable housing, Goebel said, citing the study.
And the senior population in the Valley is growing, with 22% of the population of both counties at least 62 years old. By 2050, 10% of the population will be at least 75. More than 16% of the population has a disability.
Mahoning and Trumbull counties need at least 4,000 housing units that are affordable to the lowest income households.
That includes households that earn 30% or lower than the Area Median Income. For a three-person household, that’s $24,860. But there’s a 17,000 unit surplus of housing units affordable to households that earn between 31% and 50% of AMI, or $24,861 to $35,300 for a three-person home.
While Goebel said the numbers are based on HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy data, Tiffany Sokol, housing director at Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corp., questioned the 17,000 unit surplus, believing the number is much lower. Goebel said that feedback is helpful.
Total public funding for housing for both counties is about $164 million annually, an amount that Goebel thinks is low.
“This is, in my mind, a reflection of what the federal dollars and the state dollars going into the region look like,” she said. “That’s something else we’re going to be addressing in our strategy.”
Select Committee Report
The Ohio Senate Select Committee on Housing released a report that lists 23 recommendations. Among them is providing technical assistance to help local governments address zoning codes. Another recommendation deals with homeownership.
“Review Ohio’s existing down payment assistance programs and housing tax incentives. Review state policies that may adversely impact Ohioans looking to purchase a home. Review state and local policies that encourage the redevelopment of owner occupied housing into rental units. Review home equity investment models as a potential public-private solution and ensure that proper consumer protections are in place. Continue to study the widespread impacts of institutional home purchasing,” the report says.
The select committee report recommends reviewing other states’ policies on alternative housing. “Consider implementing policies that encourage the increased use of and access to alternative types of housing, including manufactured and modular homes, tiny homes, and accessory dwelling units …,” it states.
Steve Stivers, Ohio Chamber president and CEO, issued a statement April 17 supporting the report.
“Addressing our existing housing crisis and fulfilling the workforce housing needs for the scores of future jobs already in our state’s pipeline necessitate affordable, diverse and quality housing options for all Ohioans,” Stivers said. “Modernizing zoning processes, providing targeted incentives and offering consumer protections will bring new levels of stability to our communities.”
Pictured at top: Justin Mondok, director of planning and development at Eastgate Regional Council of Governments, and Alison Goebel, executive director of the Greater Ohio Policy Center.